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What is the name corresponding to the metric symbol mL?

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Unit of measurement prefix

A metric prefix is a unit of measurement prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to point a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to whatever unit symbol. The prefix kilo-, for example, may be added to gram to indicate multiplication by one 1000: one kilogram is equal to one thousand grams. The prefix milli-, likewise, may be added to metre to indicate segmentation by ane thousand; one millimetre is equal to i thousandth of a metre.

Decimal multiplicative prefixes accept been a feature of all forms of the metric system, with six of these dating back to the system'due south introduction in the 1790s. Metric prefixes have as well been used with some not-metric units. The SI prefixes are metric prefixes that were standardized for use in the International System of Units (SI) past the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) in resolutions dating from 1960 to 1991.[i] Since 2009, they have formed part of the International System of Quantities. They are likewise used in the Unified Lawmaking for Units of Measure (UCUM)

Listing of SI prefixes [edit]

The BIPM specifies twenty prefixes for the International System of Units (SI).

SI prefixes

  • five
  • t
  • e
Prefix Base 10 Decimal English language word Adoption[nb 1] Etymology
Name Symbol Brusque calibration Long scale Language Source discussion
yotta Y 1024 1000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 septillion quadrillion 1991 Latin eight[nb 2]
zetta Z 1021 1000 000 000 000 000 000 000 sextillion trilliard 1991 Latin seven[nb 2]
exa Eastward teneighteen 1000 000 000 000 000 000 quintillion trillion 1975 Greek six
peta P ten15 1000 000 000 000 000 quadrillion billiard 1975 Greek five[nb two]
tera T x12 i000 000 000 000 trillion billion 1960 Greek 4,[nb 2] monster
giga Yard x9 one000 000 000 billion milliard 1960 Greek giant
mega G ten6 1000 000 million 1873 Greek great
kilo k 103 ane000 thousand 1795 Greek chiliad
hecto h 102 100 hundred 1795 Greek hundred
deca da teni 10 ten 1795 Greek ten
ten0 ane one –
deci d 10−one 0.1 tenth 1795 Latin 10
centi c 10−ii 0.01 hundredth 1795 Latin hundred
milli m 10−3 0.001 thousandth 1795 Latin thousand
micro μ 10−vi 0.000001 millionth 1873 Greek small
nano n 10−9 0.000000 001 billionth milliardth 1960 Greek dwarf
pico p 10−12 0.000000 000 001 trillionth billionth 1960 Castilian summit, a little bit
femto f 10−15 0.000000 000 000 001 quadrillionth billiardth 1964 Danish fifteen, Fermi[nb 3]
atto a 10−18 0.000000 000 000 000 001 quintillionth trillionth 1964 Danish eighteen
zepto z ten−21 0.000000 000 000 000 000 001 sextillionth trilliardth 1991 Latin seven[nb 2]
yocto y 10−24 0.000000 000 000 000 000 000 001 septillionth quadrillionth 1991 Latin eight[nb 2]
  1. ^ Prefixes adopted earlier 1960 already existed earlier SI. The introduction of the CGS system was in 1873.
  2. ^ a b c d east f Part of the beginning of the prefix was modified from the discussion it was derived from, ex: "peta" (prefix) vs "penta" (source word).
  3. ^ The fermi was introduced earlier with the symbol "fm", which prompted the reinterpretation of the "f" as a prefix to "m", with femto being derived from the Danish word femten due to its similarity.

Each prefix proper noun has a symbol that is used in combination with the symbols for units of mensurate. For case, the symbol for kilo- is k, and is used to produce km, kg, and kW, which are the SI symbols for kilometre, kilogram, and kilowatt, respectively. Except for the early prefixes of kilo-, hecto-, and deca-, the symbols for the multiplicative prefixes are uppercase letters, and those for the partial prefixes are lowercase letters.[2] There is a Unicode symbol for micro µ for use if the Greek letter of the alphabet μ is unavailable.[Note 1] When both are unavailable, the visually similar lowercase Latin letter u is normally used instead. SI unit symbols are never italicised.

Prefixes corresponding to an integer power of i thou are more often than not preferred. Hence 100 m is preferred over 1 hm (hectometre) or 10 dam (decametres). The prefixes deci-, and centi-, and less often hecto- and deca-, are ordinarily used for everyday purposes, and the centimetre (cm) is particularly mutual. Some mod building codes require that the millimetre be used in preference to the centimetre, considering "utilize of centimetres leads to all-encompassing usage of decimal points and confusion".[3]

Prefixes may not be used in combination. This as well applies to mass, for which the SI base unit (kilogram) already contains a prefix. For case, milligram (mg) is used instead of microkilogram (μkg).

In the arithmetic of measurements having units, the units are treated as multiplicative factors to values. If they accept prefixes, all but i of the prefixes must be expanded to their numeric multiplier, except when combining values with identical units. Hence:

  • five mV × 5 mA = 5×10−3 V × 5×x−three A = 25×10−six Five⋅A = 25 μW.
  • 5.00 mV + ten μV = 5.00 mV + 0.01 mV = 5.01 mV.

When powers of units occur, for example, squared or cubed, the multiplicative prefix must be considered part of the unit of measurement, and thus included in the exponentiation:

  • i km2 ways 1 foursquare kilometre, or the expanse of a square of 1000 grand by 1000 m. In other words, an area of 1000 000 foursquare metres and non 1000 square metres.
  • 2 Mm3 ways 2 cubic megametres, or the volume of two cubes of i000 000 thou by 1000 000 m by ane000 000 grand or ii×10xviii miii , and not ii000 000 cubic metres ( 2×106 m3 ).
Examples
  • 5 cm = 5×10−two yard =5 × 0.01 m = 0.05 m.
  • nine kmtwo =nine × (xthree thousand)ii =9 × (103)2 × m2 = nine×tenvi m2 =nine × 1000 000 k2 = 9000 000 g2 .
  • iii MW = iii×10half dozen W = 3 × 1000 000 W = three000 000 W.

Application to units of measurement [edit]

The utilise of prefixes tin can be traced dorsum to the introduction of the metric arrangement in the 1790s, long before the 1960 introduction of the SI. The prefixes, including those introduced after 1960, are used with any metric unit, whether officially included in the SI or not (eastward.m., millidynes and milligauss). Metric prefixes may also exist used with non-metric units.

The choice of prefixes with a given unit of measurement is usually dictated by convenience of use. Unit prefixes for amounts that are much larger or smaller than those actually encountered are seldom used.

Metric units [edit]

Mass [edit]

The units kilogram, gram, milligram, microgram, and smaller are commonly used for measurement of mass. However, megagram, gigagram, and larger are rarely used; tonnes (and kilotonnes, megatonnes, etc.) or scientific notation are used instead. Megagram and teragram are occasionally used to disambiguate the metric tonne from other units with the name "ton".[ citation needed ]

The kilogram is the only base unit of the International Arrangement of Units that includes a metric prefix.

Volume [edit]

The litre (equal to a cubic decimetre), millilitre (equal to a cubic centimetre), microlitre, and smaller are common. In Europe, the centilitre is often used for liquids, and the decilitre is used less frequently. Bulk agronomical products, such as grain, beer and vino, are often measured in hectolitres (each 100 litres in size).

Larger volumes are ordinarily denoted in kilolitres, megalitres or gigalitres, or else in cubic metres (one cubic metre = one kilolitre) or cubic kilometres (1 cubic kilometre = i teralitre). For scientific purposes, the cubic metre is commonly used.

Length [edit]

The kilometre, metre, centimetre, millimetre, and smaller units are mutual. The decimetre is rarely used. The micrometre is ofttimes referred to by the older non-SI name micron. In some fields, such as chemistry, the ångström (0.1 nm) has been used commonly instead of the nanometre. The femtometre, used mainly in particle physics, is sometimes chosen a fermi. For large scales, megametre, gigametre, and larger are rarely used. Instead, ad hoc non-metric units are used, such as the solar radius, astronomical units, low-cal years, and parsecs; the astronomical unit is mentioned in the SI standards as an accepted non-SI unit of measurement.

Fourth dimension [edit]

Prefixes for the SI standard unit of measurement second are most commonly encountered for quantities less than one 2d. For larger quantities, the organization of minutes (lx seconds), hours (hour) and days (24 hours) is accepted for use with the SI and more than ordinarily used. When speaking of spans of time, the length of the day is usually standardized to 86400 seconds so as not to create issues with the irregular leap second.

Larger multiples of the second such as kiloseconds and megaseconds are occasionally encountered in scientific contexts, but are seldom used in common parlance. For long-scale scientific piece of work, peculiarly in astronomy, the Julian year or annum is a standardized variant of the year, equal to exactly 31557 600 SI seconds (365 days, six hours). The unit is so named considering it was the average length of a twelvemonth in the Julian calendar. Long time periods are then expressed past using metric prefixes with the annum, such every bit megaannum or gigaannum.

Angle [edit]

The SI unit of bending is the radian, just degrees, likewise as arc-minutes and arc-seconds, see some scientific use.

Temperature [edit]

Official policy also varies from common practice for the degree Celsius (°C). NIST states:[4] "Prefix symbols may be used with the unit symbol °C and prefix names may exist used with the unit proper name caste Celsius. For instance, 12 m°C (12 millidegrees Celsius) is adequate." In practice, it is more than common for prefixes to be used with the kelvin when it is desirable to announce extremely large or modest absolute temperatures or temperature differences. Thus, temperatures of star interiors may be given in units of MK (megakelvins), and molecular cooling may be described in mK (millikelvins).

Energy [edit]

In utilise the joule and kilojoule are common, with larger multiples seen in express contexts. In addition, the kilowatt hour, a blended unit formed from the kilowatt and 60 minutes, is often used for electrical free energy; other multiples can be formed by modifying the prefix of watt (e.thousand. terawatt hour).

There be a number of definitions for the non-SI unit, the calorie. There are gram calories and kilogram calories. 1 kilogram calorie, which equals one m gram calories, often appears capitalized and without a prefix (i.e. Cal) when referring to "dietary calories" in food.[five] It is common to apply metric prefixes to the gram calorie, but not to the kilogram calorie: thus, one kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal.

Not-metric units [edit]

Metric prefixes are widely used outside the metric SI system. Common examples include the megabyte and the decibel. Metric prefixes rarely announced with regal or US units except in some special cases (eastward.grand., microinch, kilofoot, kilopound). They are also used with other specialized units used in particular fields (e.g., megaelectronvolt, gigaparsec, millibarn). They are also occasionally used with currency units (e.one thousand., gigadollar), mainly by people who are familiar with the prefixes from scientific usage.[ citation needed ] In astronomy, geology, and paleontology, the year, with symbol a (from the Latin annus), is commonly used with metric prefixes: ka, Ma, and Ga.

Official policies about the utilise of SI prefixes with non-SI units vary slightly between the International Agency of Weights and Measures (BIPM) and the American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For instance, the NIST advises that 'to avert defoliation, prefix symbols (and prefix names) are not used with the time-related unit symbols (names) min (minute), h (hour), d (day); nor with the bending-related symbols (names) ° (degree), ′ (minute), and ″ (second),[4] whereas the BIPM adds information about the use of prefixes with the symbol as for arcsecond when they state: "Still astronomers use milliarcsecond, which they denote mas, and microarcsecond, μas, which they apply equally units for measuring very pocket-sized angles."[6]

An reward of the SI organization decimal prefixes is that they make for simplicity of adding and conversion involving units of dissimilar sizes; consider for example the simplicity of buying 13 items of 390 g weight at €12.34 per kilogram, compared with items of xiii+ 3⁄four  oz at $4.79 per pound (or, worse, with old non-metric currency: £4/15/9½). In the units used in the US, combining of units that are not decimal multiples of each other is often avoided by non mixing the units used, e.grand., using inches, feet or miles simply: 89  inches rather than 7 feet 5 inches (or ii yards, ane foot 5 inches).

Presentation [edit]

Pronunciation [edit]

When a metric prefix is affixed to a root word, the prefix carries the stress, while the root drops its stress but retains a full vowel in the syllable that is stressed when the root give-and-take stands alone.[ citation needed ] For example, kilobyte is , with stress on the first syllable. Nevertheless, units in mutual use outside the scientific customs may be stressed idiosyncratically. In English-speaking countries, kilometre is the most conspicuous example. Information technology is often pronounced , with reduced vowels on both syllables of metre. This stress is not applied to other multiples or sub-multiples of metre, or to other units prefixed with kilo-.

The prefix giga is usually pronounced in English every bit , with hard ⟨thousand⟩ as in become, but sometimes , with soft ⟨m⟩ equally in gin.[7] [ citation needed ]

Typesetting [edit]

The LaTeX typesetting system features an SIunitx package in which the units of measurement are spelled out, for example, \SI{3}{\tera\hertz} formats every bit "3 THz".

Non-standard prefixes [edit]

Obsolete metric prefixes [edit]

Some of the prefixes formerly used in the metric organisation have fallen into decay and were non adopted into the SI.[viii] [9] [10] The decimal prefix for ten thousand, myria- (sometimes also written as myrio-), and the binary prefixes double- (2×) and demi- ( 1 / 2 ×) were parts of the original metric arrangement adopted past French republic in 1795,[11] only were not retained when the SI prefixes were internationally adopted by the 11th CGPM briefing in 1960.

Other metric prefixes used historically include hebdo- (ten7) and micri- (10−14).

Double prefixes [edit]

Double prefixes have been used in the past, such as micromillimetres or millimicrons (now nanometres), micromicrofarads (μμF; now picofarads, pF), kilomegatons (now gigatons), hectokilometres (now 100 kilometres) and the derived describing word hectokilometric (typically used for qualifying the fuel consumption measures).[12] These are non compatible with the SI.

Other obsolete double prefixes included "decimilli-" (x−4), which was contracted to "dimi-"[13] and standardized in France upwards to 1961.

Similar symbols and abbreviations [edit]

In written English, the symbol K is often used informally to indicate a multiple of thousand in many contexts. For example, one may talk of a 40K salary ( xl000 ), or phone call the Yr 2000 trouble the Y2K problem. In these cases, an uppercase K is often used with an unsaid unit (although it could then be confused with the symbol for the kelvin temperature unit if the context is unclear). This informal postfix is read or spoken as "thousand" or "grand", or just "k".

The financial and general news media mostly use grand or 1000, b or B, and t or T as abbreviations for million, billion (10nine) and trillion (ten12), respectively, for large quantities, typically currency[14] and population.[15]

The medical and automotive fields in the United States use the abbreviations cc or ccm for cubic centimetres. one cubic centimetre is equivalent to 1 millilitre.

For virtually a century, engineers used the abridgement MCM to designate a "thousand circular mils" in specifying the cross-exclusive area of large electrical cables. Since the mid-1990s, kcmil has been adopted every bit the official designation of a thousand circular mils, simply the designation MCM however remains in wide use. A like system is used in natural gas sales in the United States: m (or Thousand) for thousands and mm (or MM) for millions of British thermal units or therms, and in the oil industry,[16] where MMbbl is the symbol for "millions of barrels". This usage of the uppercase K for "chiliad" is from Roman numerals, in which K means 1000.[17]

Binary prefixes [edit]

In some fields of it, information technology has been common to designate non-decimal multiples based on powers of 1024, rather than one thousand, for some SI prefixes (kilo-, mega-, giga-), contrary to the definitions in the International System of Units (SI). This exercise was once sanctioned past some industry associations, including JEDEC. The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) standardized the system of binary prefixes (kibi-, mebi-, gibi- etc.) for this purpose.[eighteen] [Notation two]

Run across also [edit]

  • Engineering notation
  • E1 series (preferred numbers)
  • Indian numbering system
  • International vocabulary of metrology
  • ISO/IEC 80000
  • List of numbers in various languages (for comparison/etymology)
  • Names of large numbers
  • Names of small-scale numbers
  • Number names
  • Numeral prefix
  • Guild of magnitude
  • Orders of magnitude (information)
  • RKM lawmaking
  • SI base unit
  • Unified Code for Units of Measure

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ On Microsoft Windows systems, Alt+ii 3 0 will yield the symbol for micro µ. With macOS systems information technology is ⌥ Opt+Y or ⌥ Opt+grand, and with Linux systems information technology is Ctrl+⇧ Shift+ub v infinite.
  2. ^ The names and symbols of the binary prefixes proposed by the IEC include
    • kibi (Ki) = ii10 = 1024,
    • mebi (Mi) = 220 = 1024 ii = ane048 576 ,
    • gibi (Gi) = 2xxx = 1024 3 = ane073 741 824 ,
    etc.

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Four Resolutions". Bipm.org. Retrieved 2012-03-01 .
  2. ^ "Metric Prefixes and SI Units". learn.sparkfun.com . Retrieved 2020-01-26 .
  3. ^ Public Buildings Service, U.S. General Services Assistants (September 1995). "METRIC DESIGN GUIDE (PBS-PQ260)" (PDF). National Institute of Building Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-xv. Retrieved 2018-04-21 .
  4. ^ a b Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (March 2008), "Special Publication 811", NIST (2008 ed.), retrieved 2018-06-21
  5. ^ Conn, Carole; Len Kravitz. "Remarkable Calorie". Academy of New United mexican states. Retrieved 2017-05-22 .
  6. ^ "SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI)". International Agency of Weights and Measures. Retrieved 2017-03-05 .
  7. ^ isabel.chavez@nist.gov (2010-01-xiii). "Metric (SI) Prefixes". NIST . Retrieved 2021-04-09 .
  8. ^ 29th Congress of the U.s.a., Session 1 (1866-05-13). "H.R. 596, An Act to authorize the use of the metric system of weights and measures". Archived from the original on 2015-07-05.
  9. ^ Brewster, David (1830). The Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Vol. 12. Edinburgh, United kingdom: William Blackwood, John Waugh, John Murray, Baldwin & Cradock, J. M. Richardson. p. 494. Retrieved 2015-10-09 .
  10. ^ Brewster, David (1832). The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Vol. 12 (1st American ed.). Joseph and Edward Parker. Retrieved 2015-10-09 .
  11. ^ "(section) La Loi Du xviii Germinal An 3" (in French). histoire.du.metre.gratis.fr. Retrieved 2015-10-12 .
  12. ^ Rowlett, Russ (2008) [2000]. "millimicro-". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement. University of Due north Carolina at Chapel Loma. Archived from the original on 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2016-08-29 .
  13. ^ Danloux-Dumesnils, Maurice (1969). The metric organisation: a disquisitional study of its principles and practice. The Athlone Press. p. 34. ISBN9780485120134 . Retrieved 2015-10-09 . (a translation of the French original Esprit et bon usage du système métrique , 1965)
  14. ^ The Associated Printing (2012-02-13). "Obama unveils $3.8T budget proposal". Cbc.ca. Retrieved 2012-03-01 .
  15. ^ "More than 65M Flock to Discovery'due south Planet Earth". Multichannel.com. Retrieved 2012-03-01 .
  16. ^ "Purcell, P (2007). Disambiguating M. PESA News 88". Pesa.com.au. Retrieved 2012-03-01 .
  17. ^ "What is the divergence between MCM and kcmil?". Reference.com. Retrieved 2016-09-05 .
  18. ^ International Electrotechnical Commission (Jan 2010). "IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Details for IEV number 112-01-27". Retrieved 2011-06-xix .

External links [edit]

  • International Agency of Weights and Measures (BIPM)
  • SI prefixes at BIPM
  • US NIST Definitions of the SI units: The twenty SI prefixes
  • US NIST Definitions of the SI units: The binary prefixes

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix

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